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Finland lies in the Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the west, Russia to the east and Norway to the north while Estonia to the south.Its capital is Helsinki. It gained freedom in January 3, 1918. It is spread over an area of 130,558 sq m.Finland is a country of thousands of lakes and islands. One of these lakes, Saimaa, is the 5th largest in Europe. The Finnish landscape is mostly flat with few hills and its highest point, the Halti at 1,328 metres, is found in the extreme north of Lapland. Besides the many lakes the landscape is dominated by extensive boreal forests (about 75 per cent of land area) and little arable land. Finland is one of the few countries in the world that is still growing. Finland has a population of 5,274,820 people spread over more than 330,000 km. It is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. Finland has two levels of democratic governments that are state and 432 municipalities.
Since 1977, no legal or administrative distinction is made between towns, cities and other municipalities. Although a municipality must follow the laws set by the state, it makes independent decisions. That is, the decisions of a municipal council, if legal, cannot be appealed. People often identify with their municipality, although their nationality is usually more important. The state organisation is divided into 6 administrative provinces. The provinical authority is the part of the executive branch of the national authority. Finland’s population is widely spread in the southern parts of the country which are more pronounced after 20th century. The biggest and most important cities in Finland are Greater Helinski, Turku and Oulo.
The official language of 94% people is Finnish and 5% people speak Swedish.The majority of Finns learn enough english in school to be proficient in that language. Other common secondary languages are German, French and Swedish.Swedish has an official language status in Finland, and the right of other minority groups (in particular Sami people) to cherish their culture and language is protected by law. Swedish-speaking Finns are considered the same ethnicity as the Finnish-speaking majority. Culturally, the Swedish-speaking Finns represent a combination of Swedish and Finnish cultures and have more coastal-oriented traditions Finland has a semi-presidential system with parliamentarism. The president is responsible for foreign policy outside of the European Union.
The judicial system of Finland is divided between courts with regular civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with responsibility for litigation between the individuals and the administrative organs of the state and the communities. Finland has good relations with all its neighbors, Sweden, Norway, Russia and Estonia, and is not involved in international conflicts or border disputes. Finland has eventually emerged as the most globalised nations in the world. Finland has a highly industralised and largely free market economy with a per capita output equal to that of other western economies. Its main production include wood, metal, engineering, telecommunications and electronic products. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy and some components for manufactured goods.
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